Descartes Philosophy - 2384 Words

Descartes Philosophy Rene Descartes is a philosopher that lived during the Enlightenment period and is famous for his philosophy of methodological doubt. His method of doubt was psychological in character, involved a kind of rational insight, and implied a justified belief analysis of knowledge, with justification construed in terms of being unshakable. (Newman) An important function of his method was to enable people to redirect their attention from the senses to clear and distinct ideas through intellect, reason, and doubt. Descartes understood knowledge as advancing truth. The Enlightenment was an intellectual period that brought about ideas of God, reason, nature, and man. It was a period of political and social upheaval that brought about revolutions and a period of learning to think for oneself, employing and relying on the individuals capabilities to determine how to think and act. (Bristow) Philosophy of that period caused tension with established religions. By using the intellect to think and act, it required opposing the role of established religion by redirecting thoughts and actions. It brought people to a higher human existence that was more fulfilled. Men became more rational and developed goals of obtaining more knowledge, freedom, and happiness. With turmoil in the empire, people became concerned for personal salvation, which also opposed the role of religion. Established religion of those days taught that people should follow along withoutShow MoreRelatedDescartes Vs. Descartes Philosophy1142 Words   |  5 Pages Rene Descartes’ begins to illustrate his skeptical argument as presented in Meditation l. Descartes basic strategy to approaching this method of doubt is to defeat skepticism. This argument begins by doubting the truth of everything, from evidence of the senses to the fundamental process of reasoning. Therefore, if there is any truth in the world that overcomes the skeptical challenge then it must be indubitably true. Thus, creating a perfect foundation for knowledge. The first Meditation is anRead MorePhilosophy Of Rene Descartes860 Words   |  4 PagesRene Descartes is an extremely influential philosopher from the 17th century and is widely considered the father of modern philosophy. One of Descartes’s most famous philosophies is his cogito ergo sum statement: I think, therefore, I am (Descartes, 2008). He believed that because he is a thing that thinks, then he must have some kind of consciousness or awareness of the world. Because he has consciousness, he reason s that he must exist, especially since he is aware that he is a thing that thinksRead MoreDescartes Meditations Of First Philosophy857 Words   |  4 PagesChristopher Joao Philosophy- 201 Mr. Jurkiewicz 4 March 2016 Descartes’ - Meditation #2 Rene Descartes was a French philosopher born in 1596. He is considered by many the father of modern philosophy and continues to have tremendous influence in the philosophical world to this day. The book, Meditations of First Philosophy, consist of six meditations and describes one meditation per day for six days. In meditation two, he claims that we have better knowledge of our own minds than of the physicalRead MoreDescartes Meditations On First Philosophy922 Words   |  4 PagesIn Rene Descartes’ excerpt, Meditations on First Philosophy, he proclaims, â€Å"It is beyond question that I shall reach the truth if I think hard enough about the things that I perfectly understand, keeping them separate from all the other matters in which my thoughts are more confused and obscure† ( §104). When Descartes made this statement in his fourth meditation, what was he conjecturing by the term â€Å"perfect?† According to the standard interpretation, perfect encompasse s all required or desirableRead MoreDescartes And Berkeley s Philosophy958 Words   |  4 Pagesand everything I see is an illusion? Philosopher Rene Descartes addressed the question in his meditations. He had distinct ideas concerning reality and illusion. Descartes believed in â€Å"Cartesian Dualism† - a relationship between the body and mind. In his meditations, he goes through the process of discarding all of his previously held beliefs and reevaluating them. However, some philosophers - such as George Berkeley disagreed with Descartes. Berkeley believed that there is only the mind. He believedRead MoreRene Descartes s Philosophy And The Science Of Philosophy1114 Words   |  5 PagesRene Descartes was a rationalist who is considered the father of modern philosophy, primarily because his ideas departed from current understanding in the early 17th century, which was more feeling based (Biography.com). He was born on March 31, 1956, in France and was a very educated man. His mother sent him to a boarding school which was considered college at an early age of 8. Additionally, by the age of 22 he had obtained his degree as a lawyer. To further this, he believed that all truths wereRead MoreDescartes Meditations On First Philosophy1080 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout Rene Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy, God is not mentioned until the third meditation. Descartes point of view on God simply claims his existence through the act of being. According to his claim, God must, essentially, exist as well as being an outcome of His own creation. Descartes was greatly interested in the idea that God’s being promoted an external force that controlled all beings that supported his presence. Descartes declarations, presented in his Meditations onRead MoreDescartes s Meditations On First Philosophy986 Words   |  4 Pagesinwards, or as Renà © Descartes would call it, meditation. These ‘meditations’ are moments of reflecti on, time spent with one’s thoughts, and time to figure out where one is placed within the world. During one of these meditations, Descartes creates the phrase, â€Å"cogito ergo sum†, I think, therefore I am, in his monumental book, Principles of Philosophy, though it was written in another form earlier, â€Å"ego sum, ego existo†, I am, I exist, in his book Meditations on First Philosophy. This phrase, put soRead MoreDescartes : The Father Of Modern Philosophy1518 Words   |  7 PagesDescartes The father of modern philosophy, Descartes, lived in the seventeenth century. he was similar to Socrates in that he accepted his own ignorance and like Plato he doubted his senses. He did not even trust, â€Å"the knowledge handed down from the Middle Ages† (Gaarder 230). His disbelief in everything around him led him to make his own philosophy and travel all Europe in order to seek the wisdom he searched for. Descartes wanted to organize all the contemporary ideas into a philosophical systemRead MoreDescartes : The Father Of Modern Philosophy1055 Words   |  5 Pagesthe fact that I am something.† (Descartes, â€Å"Meditations on First Philosophy,† 182) Rene Descartes is widely considered the father of modern philosophy. He created many new ideas about the self, which is something that has been contested since the dawn of philosophy. Even now, the world is nowhere near a unified thought on the soul. Descartes is most famous for addressing this, and is often summarized by the famous â€Å"Cogito Ergo Sum (I think, therefore I am)†Descartes offers a great deal of important

Themes of The Great Gatsby Essay - 1040 Words

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby is a story that has many different themes. Fitzgerald shows the themes that he uses through his character’s desires and actions. This novel has themes in it that we deal with in our everyday life. It has themes that deal with our personal lives and themes that deal with what’s right and what’s wrong. There are also themes that have to do with materialistic items that we deal desire on a daily basis. Fitzgerald focuses on the themes of corrupted love, immorality, and the American Dream in order to tell a story that is entertaining to his readers. Love is a feeling between two people that comes with lots of emotions, respect, commitment, trust, honesty, and many other values. In the story The Great†¦show more content†¦This shows that not only Tom and Daisy are unfaithful and immoral in their relationship but neither is Tom’s Mistress, who also would have to be in a corrupted relationship if she is cheat ing on her husband. Good morals and values are considered to be good qualities in most people’s perspective. In Fitzgerald’s, morality is something that many characters lack. Murder, bootlegging, and adultery are all traits that the characters in the novel possess. Myrtle Wilson is one of the two characters that is murdered in the story. In this conversation between Nick and Gatsby, â€Å"’Well, I tried to swing the wheel—‘ He broke off and suddenly I guessed the truth. ‘Was Daisy driving?’ ‘Yes’† Gatsby reveals the truth about who was driving (Fitzgerald 143). This proves that Daisy was driving when Myrtle was hit and killed. Gatsby is also murdered in the story. George Wilson, Myrtle’s husband, kills Gatsby because he is told that Gatsby is who killed his wife. Hickey writes, â€Å"He shot Gatsby and killed himself,† talking about George when he goes to Gatsby’s house in pursuit to Murder Gatsb y (4). This proves that George murdered Gatsby. Murder is just one of the traits that these characters possess. Bootlegging is also one of them. This is how Gatsby makes his money and becomes so wealthy. Here Fitzgerald shows us immoral was of making money: I found out what your ‘drug-stores’ were. He turned to us and spoke rapidly. He and this Wolfsheim bought up a lot of side-streetShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby Theme956 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Gatsby explores a number of themes, none is more prevalent than that of the corruption of the American dream. The American dream is the concept that, in America, any person can be successful as long he or she is prepared to work hard and use their natural gifts. Gatsby appears to be the embodiment of this dream—he has risen from being a poor farm boy with no prospects to being rich, having a big house, servants, and a large social circle attending his numerous functions. He has achievedRead MoreThemes Of The Great Gatsby2450 Words   |  10 PagesAP Lit 18 March 2016 Themes in The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby is widely regarded as one of the best novels of the 20th century. The decadence and frivolity of the roaring twenties is apparent on the surface of The Great Gatsby but underneath you will find themes that include a subtext of taboo homosexuality; the treatment and portrayal of women; and the corruption and falseness associated with the established rich and the nouveau riche. The Great Gatsby was published duringRead MoreTheme Of Money In The Great Gatsby1189 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby is such a prominent novel of the 1920s. Many authors and critics have written on the impact of the novel even up until today. Fitzgerald expresses multiple themes to show the time and its importance. F. Scott Fitzgerald, in The Great Gatsby, reveals wealth, hope, and the demise of the American dream as major themes of his novel. Fitzgerald, interestingly enough, brings the importance of money into this novel early and refocuses on it often. Nick starts off the novel saying, Read MoreTheme Of Desire In The Great Gatsby1342 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Gatsby is a well written novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald where a midwesterner named Nick Carraway gets lured into the lavish and elegant lifestyle of his enigmatic neighbor, Jay Gatsby. As the story unravels, Nick Carraway begins to see through Gatsbys suave facade, only to find a desperate, heartbroken and lonely man who just wanted to relive the past with his one and only desire. This sensational love story takes place during the well knownâ€Å"Roaring Twenties† in New York City. The genreRead MoreThe Great Gatsby Theme Essay1389 Words   |  6 PagesThemes of hope, success, and wealth overpower The Great Gatsby, leaving the reader with a new way to look at the roaring twenties, showing that not everything was good in this era. F. Scott Fitzgerald c reates the characters in this book to live and recreate past memories and relationships. This was evident with Gatsby and Daisy’s relationship, Tom and Daisy’s struggling marriage, and Gatsby expecting so much of Daisy and wanting her to be the person she once was. The theme of this novel is toRead MoreTheme Of Women In The Great Gatsby905 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Great Gatsby†; written in the heart of the roaring twenties is a fictional piece that embodies many themes and ideas that reflect the nature of the time period that it describes. A thoroughly explored theme is the roles of women in the early 20th century and how society views and treats them. Author, F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote three main female characters into the text, which all have important meaning in the book. The following analytical essay will thoroughly assess Fitzgerald’s text andRead MoreThemes Of The Twenties In The Great Gatsby1331 Words   |  6 PagesThe great Gatsby was r egarded as a brilliant source of social commentary of the roaring twenties- a time period of wealth, excitement, and economic boom. Much like the characters and the settings of Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, the twenties are a time when people thought they had the American dream. Fitzgerald provides a superb source of commentary on society and the economic standpoint of America in the twenties, and for this reason, the reader can infer much about the book, from the period, andRead MoreTheme Of Carelessness In The Great Gatsby1174 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby is a true classic of twentieth-century literature based on the views of the main character, Nick Carraway. Published in 1925, The Great Gatsby is based on the Jazz Age, a time of prohibition, illegal trade of alcohol, increase in crime and bootlegging and the rise of the ‘new rich’. There are multiple significant themes portrayed throughout this novel, such as destruction, corruption, love, hope, ma nipulation, and carelessness. F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby is a literaryRead MoreThe Theme Of Hope In The Great Gatsby1025 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, hope is a major theme throughout the novel. Hope is the act of wanting or wishing for something to happen. Gatsby, for example, is hoping that Daisy will leave her husband to be with him, this eventually leads to his death. Despite the recurring nature of the theme of hope, it is not portrayed in a completely favorable light. In fact, there is a complex attitude towards the nature of hope as shown through the narrator Nick. He believes hope is a human instinctRead MoreThe Theme Of Money In The Great Gatsby879 Words   |  4 Pagesso far. Money is a theme consistently expressed throughout two novels, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. Fitzgerald’s novel considers money primarily through the life of a wealthy man who flourishes in life, w hose name is Gatsby. On the other hand, Steinbeck’s novel describes the story of two men, who have a limited supply of money and no accomplishments to boast about whatsoever. The Great Gatsby and Of Mice and Men show that great success and quality

The Problems of Womens Labor Essay Example For Students

The Problems of Womens Labor Essay Hindi essay: the problems of women labor, Since 1350, womens participation in the labor market has increased steadily, the overall economic activity rate of women, for the age group 20-54, now approaching 70 per cent as opposed to slightly above 50 per cent in 1950. 1 Although still lower than the male labor force participation rate, the striking feature of womens labor force participation has been its sharp increase. Various factors are generally given to explain this. One is decreasing fertility dates, due in part to increasing educational levels and in part to the widespread introduction Of female contraceptive methods in this period. In nearly all countries, as women have fewer children, their labor force participation rates increase. Another factor is the transition from manufacturing industries to services industries as economies advance. Traditionally, women have been disproportionately employed in the services sector and, in many countries, employment opportunities in this sector have increased greatly. A third factor s the globalization of markets. As the advanced market economies move out of manufacturing and, in particular, low-skilled manufacturing, these jobs move to lower cost economies. Thus, employment opportunities for both men and women in developing economies may increase, Women who were not previously in paid employment now find jobs in light manufacturing plants and in the assembly phase of manufacturing, A fourth factor is technological innovation, especially in telecommunications, which has made it much faster and cheaper o transfer data across borders. Thus, women in developing countries and in countries remote from the advanced market economies now may find employment opportunities in data processing, credit card billing centers and call centers which no longer have to be located in the clients home country. It should be noted.

How to Balance Penn Foster Studies with Work and/or Family Demands free essay sample

Although online classes provide a much more flexible educational experience for working professionals like myself, balancing online classes and a full-time work schedule is not an easy task. Addition to my job responsibility there is family obligations, which are equally important, I am married with two children and work full time six days a week. One of the many challenges you may face is how to balance your time with your work, family and friends while you are taking your Penn Foster online course. Since time is valuable, keeping a balance between your study and work or family is a challenge. How would you fit your role as a family man and a work professional into your hectic schedule? Always plan ahead. First, the most important thing is to use your time wisely. Figure out how you typically spend your day. Make a list of time commitments that cannot be changed. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Balance Penn Foster Studies with Work and/or Family Demands or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then, figure out how you spend your unscheduled time. It is important to include all the shifts and upcoming assignments and exams in the schedule. I use Microsoft Outlook calendar for time planning. It is user friendly and a convenient tool for time management. Accurate scheduling helps me to manage time efficiently whereby freeing up time to spend with my family. The first step to achieving balance in your time is to get your family to agree on what the priorities should be. Make them understand that studying often requires long hours. In these instances, support from your family has to be there. Additionally, when children are involved; you may have to re-balance your time so you have time to spend with children. Plan on having a little family time every day and schedule some special family event once a week. For example I take my children to the park on every Friday or if the weather is bad I play their favourite game with them. It is also a good idea to involve your family in your study for instance I ask my wife to quiz on the course material. In addition to the family responsibilities there is the work obligation, which is equally important. Balancing your job and study may take time. Since you will be studying on your own pace, you should not feel discouraged if you miss a day or two of course studies. However, making a study schedule will help you to manage your work and study time accurately. Write down work and study obligations and see the schedule where you can set aside time for study. Make sure to follow the schedule accordingly to avoid waste of time; your time is more valuable now than ever before. Let your boss or employer know that you are taking an online course. Some employers may give you more flexible hours to study or allow you to take more time off to meet your study obligations. It is important to be honest with your employer. Don’t commit yourself to hours that you cannot work. This will help your employer to organise their work rota keeping in mind you have other obligations. Try to adjust your work schedule if possible. For instance coming to office early to compensate any lost work time due to study obligation. I usually take a long lunch break and study for one hour during the break and work one hour longer in the afternoon. If your study can help your current job there is a good chance that your employer may be flexible in rearranging you work schedule as needed to take exams or to complete course assignments. No matter if you are in a full time job or the family demands too much of your time it is important to manage your time wisely. Properly scheduling your time is essential, as it would show a clear picture of your time management, which would also remind you that you are moving closer to your main goal in completing the course. Don’t forget to relax and always allow time for leisure activities.

Paladin Guide Essays

Paladin Guide Essays Paladin Guide Essays So you want to be a Paladin? You want to play the tried and true Sword and Board? The foundation and rock of the party? Well look no farther. Paladin is one of the staple jobs of any game, with the play style being in every game. FFXIV Paladin is, unfortunately, unlike any Paladin out there. Paladins do have access to Cure, but it is piss poor, even with all the buffs you can find (Convalescence, Internal Release, Eos' buff, Mantra, just to name a few) you'd be lucky to get a crit on yourself for 500 hp. With over 8k hp this is laughable. Instead, FFXIV Paladin is built just like any other Sword and Board tank, they are the mitigation rocks. Instead of Cure, Paladins will use Stoneskin, and pull everything they can from War to help mitigate. Paladin hasn't seen much change since the launch of 2.0, instead monsters have been changed with Paladin in mind. Things you could not debuff or drain mp from were alter to favor Paladin. Paladin excels at everything but is best for nothing. While Paladin can mitigate quite a bit, their cooldowns favor physical damage slightly, so Warrior has pulled ahead as the better tank. That being said, Paladin is user friendly, and much easier to learn, making it the best tank to have around and best beginner tank. Because Paladins have more tank cooldowns than War, they are at the forefront of any progression, be it newest content, or tackling older content for the first time. Rotation; This will be the smallest portion of the guide, because lets face it, what tank has a rotation? Paladin does! Opener: Hide i personally prefer this as my opener, Fight or FlightShield LobSpirits Within as I run throughFast BladeCircle of ScornSavage BladeStr PotRage of Halone If the boss is a slow heavy hitter I'll stall Fast Blade and throw in Awareness. Jonny prefers a different rotation, Fight or Flight Shield Lob Circle of Scorn Flash Spirits Within Flash A decent opener, and one worth noting however, personally I feel it is a bit slow since it waits 3 GCD's to start the enmity combo. Good for snap agro as mobs run around, but for initial pulls I find that you have enough layer of bonus enmity to start your Fast Blade much sooner. Also I tend to Spirits as I run through so I am still at full hp for max damage, and use Circle later since it is not hp dependent. I would also like to point out that both Savage Blade and Rage of Halone do the same potency outside of combo, so for snap agro purposes I favor Savage Blade since the Animation is shorter, give you the damage much sooner. Basic Rotations: Hide Fast BladeSavage BladeRage of Halone Just spam these three in combo over and over and over.....and over again and profit! Paladin's utility lies in their threat combo, as Rage of Halone applies a str debuff on the target when done in combo. For MP Fast BladeRiot Blade Pretty easy to figure out if you read the tool tip, Riot Blade refunds MP when done in combo. While Paladin doesn't cure, they are heavily based on MP. Flash is very strong for threat, aoe or single target, and requires MP. Stoneskin can be used in a fight which also requires a substantial amount of MP. Cure is there, and until your HP surpasses the 6k mark is a better choice compared to Stoneskin. Instead of a basic Weapon Skill rotation, Paladin has a Buff rotation. A good rule of thumb, use the shortest CD first (not the shortest duration the shortest CD), strongest later, weakest last. Buff Rotation: Hide Rampart - 90sec cd, reduces damage taken by 20% Bloodbath - 90sec cd, converts 25% physical damage in to HP Foresight - 120sec cd, increases Defense by 20% Convalescence - 120sec cd, increases HP received via healing magic by 30% Awareness - 120sec cd, Nullifies chance to suffer critical damage Sentinel - 180sec cd, decreases damage received by 40% Bulwark - 180sec cd, increases block rate by 60% Hallowed Ground - 420sec cd, renders you impervious to most attacks *All of these buffs reflect lvl 50 traits

Definition and Examples of Hyponyms in English

Definition and Examples of Hyponyms in English In linguistics  and lexicography, hyponym is a term used to designate a particular member of a broader class. For instance, daisy and rose are hyponyms of flower. Also called a  subtype  or a  subordinate term. Adjective: hyponymic. Words that are hyponyms of the same broader term (that is, a hypernym) are called co-hyponyms. The semantic relationship between each of the more specific words (such as daisy and rose) and the broader term (flower)  is called hyponymy or inclusion. Hyponymy is not restricted to nouns. The verb to see, for example, has several  hyponyms- glimpse, stare, gaze, ogle, and so on.  Edward Finnegan points out that although hyponymy is found in all languages, the concepts that have words in hyponymic relationships vary from one language to the next (Language: Its Structure and Use, 2008). EtymologyFrom the Greek, below name Examples and Observations Hyponymy is a less familiar term to most people than either synonymy or antonymy, but it refers to a much more important sense relation. It describes what happens when we say An X is a kind of YA daffodil is a kind of flower, or simply, A daffodil is a flower.(David Crystal, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2003)Hyponyms of Red[L]et us consider words that have a similar meaning because they belong to the same segment of a domain. For instance, the words pink, scarlet,  orange, hot pink, and pumpkin . . .  are all more marked, specific terms for colors that derive from the color red. . . . These words share many of the semantic properties of the word red. Because these words form a subclass of the word red, they are referred to as hyponyms of red. Similarly, maple, birch, and pine are hyponyms of tree.Hyponyms are  more specific words that constitute a subclass of a more general word.(Bruce M. Rowe and Diane P. Levine,  A Concise Introduction to Linguistics, 4th ed.  Routledge, 2016) A Test for HyponymyHyponymy involves specific instantiations of a more general concept such as holds between horse and animal or vermillion and red or buy and get. In each case, one word provides a more specific type of concept than is displayed by the other. The more specific word is called a hyponym and the more general word is the superordinate which may also be referred to as a hyperonym or hypernym . . .. Where the words being classified according to this relation are nouns, one can test for hyponymy by replacing X and Y in the frame X is a kind of Y and seeing if the result makes sense. So we have (A) horse is a kind of animal but not (An) animal is a kind of horse and so on.(Ronnie Cann, Sense Relations. Semantics: An International Handbook of Natural Language and Meaning, Vol. 1, ed. by Claudia Maienborn, Klaus von Heusinger, and Paul Portner. Walter de Gruyter, 2011)InclusionIn general, there are a number of hyponyms for each superordinate. For example, boar and piglet are a lso hyponyms of the superordinate pig, since the meaning of each of the three words sow, boar, and piglet contains the meaning of the word pig. (Note that in defining a word like sow, boar, or piglet, the superordinate word pig is often used as part of the definition: A sow is an adult female pig.) Thus, it is not surprising that hyponymy is sometimes referred to as inclusion. The superordinate is the included word and the hyponym is the including one.(Frank Parker and Kathryn Riley, Linguistics for Non-Linguists. Allyn and Bacon, 1994) Hierarchical Relationships and Multiple LayersHouse is a hyponym of the superordinate building, but building is in turn, a hyponym of the superordinate structure, and, in its turn, structure is a hyponym of the superordinate thing. A superordinate at a given level can itself be a hyponym at a higher level.(Patrick Griffiths, An Introduction to English Semantics and Pragmatics. Edinburgh University Press, 2006)​Hyponyms and hypernyms have multiple layers, as in the following examples, where fry is a hyponym of the hypernym cook, but fry itself is a hypernym for some other types of frying:Hypernym: cookHyponyms: bake, boil,  grill, fry, steam, roastHypernym:  fryHyponyms:  stir-fry, pan-fry,  sautà ©, deep-fry(Michael Israel, Semantics: How Language Makes Sense. How Languages Work: An Introduction to Language and Linguistics, ed. by  Carol Genetti. Cambridge University Press, 2014)  .   Pronunciation: HI-po-nim

What Are the Economic Reasons for the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and Essay

What Are the Economic Reasons for the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and Its Abolition - Essay Example The event was supported by the change in moral, religious and humanitarian reasons observed among the citizens. The triangle of trade consisted of three journeys: the outward passage from Europe to Africa with the manufactured goods, the middle passage from Africa to the Americas or the Caribbean’s which carried African captives and commodities and lastly, the homeward passage which carried goods back to Europe (National Maritime Museum). The slave trade made the bulk of the labor force of the New World. They comprise of the bulk of workers in the sugar plantation which is the most labor intensive crop, while some also work in harvesting coffee, cotton and tobacco and some also helped in mining (Wikimedia Foundations Inc.). The cheap labor has been Europe’s power, shipping around 6000-8000 African slaves every year (National Musuems Liverpool). The trafficiking of Africans has been the business of the rich and powerful where both the monarchy and the church has benefitted much so that it comprised 80% of the total British trade, helping in the development of banking and insurance, ship building and several manufacturing industries (Adi). Eric Williams, the showed that the profit from the trafficking has financed England’s industrialization process, that it has become a very essential element to the Industrial Revolution and has brought much wealth to Europe (Wikimedia Foundations Inc.). There has been much speculation as to the abolition of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. Humanitarian reasons were cited such as of morality and religion. The humanitarian reason is largely a work of William Wilberforce, who was a British politican and philantrophist who led the movement to abolish slave trade, however, the economic reasons for the abolition cannot be discarded. Many believe that the slave trade was abolished mainly for economic reasons such as argued by Eric Williams. The simple reason was slavery as a form of labor has become unviable

Picture Description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Picture Description - Essay Example Mai describes having encountered discriminatory glances; comments and treatment from people who deemed her delinquent simply from her new look. For instance, she recalls getting late to school and on requesting the vice principal for a pass, she got a stern warning. During a music performance, shortly after her radical change in appearance, the audience focus less on her ability to perform and more on her look. Even though she overhears parents warning their kids not to be like her, she gets a complement from her friend’s father. This makes her realize that is still the same person she was prior to the transformation. The incident also bolsters her self esteem and confidence, reaffirming her identity (Davies 335-336). The other text to be compared with Mai Goda’s â€Å"Still me Inside† is based on â€Å"Zits†, a popular cartoon strip, which describes the life of a teenager named Jeremy Duncan. The comic strip under scrutiny, â€Å"my folks never let up about my clothes† depicts Jeremy engaging in an argument with his mother over his mode of dressing. The mother is unpleased that Jeremy does not tuck in his shirt, while he asserts that his way of dressing reflects his identity. He insists that he is an individual, and has to be autonomous. The irony in the comic strip is that when his friends show up, they are all dressed the same way (Davies 333). The principal message in both the cartoon and the narrative is that, adolescents tend to undergo numerous conflicting emotions about their appearance. Characters in both works, that is, Jeremy and Goda uphold the perception that their appearance defines their identity. For instance, Mai feels invisible by being conservatively dressed, an emotion that prompts her to change in an attempt to get recognized and fit in with the other teenagers. Likewise, Jeremy feels the urge to dress in a manner that does not set him apart from his friends, even though he claims otherwise. Both the narrative and the cartoon serve to

Smart Grid Resolution, London Waste Dump Site and Maladroits Cosmetics Essay Example for Free

Smart Grid Resolution, London Waste Dump Site and Maladroits Cosmetics Essay One of the benefits of investing in this $100 million project includes rerouting power around bottlenecked lines. This allows Xcel Energy to deliver electricity to areas in Boulder that have a very high demand that the previous conventional electrical grid was unable to service effectively. This smart-grid system also enables Xcel Energy to detect and reduce power outages, identify false alarms more quickly and read customer meters remotely. This in return will lead to a reduction in the number of times the service crews are sent out to those locations, thus making the service crews more productive. Combining the efficiency of the smart-grid electrical system and the reduction of outages will allow Xcel Energy to capture cost-savings more appropriately. Additionally, this electrical smart-grid allows customers to monitor their individual power use reducing household usage by up to 30% in some cases, thereby enhancing customer satisfaction. Although this may lead to a decrease in revenue for Xcel Energy, the smart-grid system enables integration of renewable generation, an increase in overall system efficiency, a more robust electrical system and an ability to recover under-utilized and wasted energy. We can’t say for sure, but this may actually benefit Xcel Energy in the long-run as they will recover lost revenue through their decreased operational costs using the smart-grid electrical system. What conflicts do you suspect might have occurred between all the different stakeholders in this project? In any project there are four main stakeholders. This includes Client, Parent Organization, Project Team and the Public. In the case of Xcel Energy’s smart-grid project, both the client and public would be the population of Boulder, CO. The Parent Organization is Xcel Energy and the project team includes representatives from Accenture consulting for engineering, energy industry consultants, leading technologists, business leaders and IT experts. Accenture provides consulting solutions in many major industrial sectors. According to the text, Accenture consulting for engineering was hired. Additionally, IT experts were also brought onto the team. Accenture provides IT solutions as part of their consulting portfolio so there may be some conflict between the two parties due to their different backgrounds and methods of doing business. Also security and privacy were of utmost importance to protect intellectual property, so it is in the best interests of the project team and the parent organization to control how much information they gave to the public and local media. However, the latter of the two recipients may have wanted more information, specifically, how this affects their electricity costs and demands in the long run causing another source of conflict. Internally, members of the project team will experience conflict caused by belonging to two different teams – their project team and functional team. Often, the head of the teams are two different people with different motives and goals, and the members have the responsibility to report to both and are therefore pulled in two different directions. The members of the project team experience almost total conflict as they compete for project resources and leadership roles. This is caused in part by the different backgrounds, attitudes and biases of each member. This would be especially apparent in the Xcel project where members from many different companies and departments are brought together, each with a unique way of accomplishing the tasks and work packages of the project. Turning London’s Waste Dump into the 2012 Olympics Stadium Which of the â€Å"triple constraints† seems to be the uppermost here? Which constraints was Crockford trading between? The text says Crockford â€Å"quickly† assembled a project team of over 1000 individuals in order to meet the mid-2011 completion date. A constant referral to time is also observed. The start date of construction was noted as May 2008 and although there was a delay due to re-designing the roof, the text ends by stating that the project was still on track to be completed by mid-2011. Therefore, Schedule is the triple constraint uppermost here. The design team for the 2012 Olympics Stadium planned a highly-compact field of play requiring a steel-beamed roof and on discovering that the steel-beamed roof as designed would create turbulence on the compact field, a lighter, more flexible roof was redesigned, which was made in part from recycled materials. This roof required less steel and cost less than the initial steel-beamed roof designed. Thus, Crockford traded between the Scope (Required Deliverables) and the Cost (Budget limit). Was the life cycle for this project S-shaped, J-shaped, or something else? Considering just the purpose of the river dredging as a project itself, what was the shape of its life cycle? The completion of London’s 2012 Olympic Stadium consisted of selecting the project team (consisting of over 1000 members), cleaning up the chosen site, design of the stadium, construction, delays and finally construction until completion. Therefore, the project life-cycle most likely followed a stretched S-shape curve similar to housing construction projects. The S-shaped curve is categorized by a slow start, followed by a quick build-up and a slow finish. This is a result of the changing levels of resources used during the successive stages of the life-cycle. The slow start in this case would be the clearing of the site and design of the stadium. Construction would also begin slowly but would quickly ramp up once all the raw materials are shipped to the location and base infrastructure completed. There is a delay (not uncommon – almost expected) when the team realizes the steel-beamed roof would create turbulence on the compact field. Finally, construction will slow down as specialized parts are ordered for the final touches (luxury spectator rooms, confectionary stands etc). The river dredging project followed a J-shaped curve. This is characterized by a slow start followed by an exponential increase in project completion over time. Moreover, the expenditure of resources has little correlation with overall progress. The team removed 30,000 tons of silt, gravel and garbage from the river. Getting the cranes and other heavy machinery used to remove garbage from the river would take time, but once there, they can quickly and effectively remove the waste from the river. Were there any ancillary goals for this project? What might they have been? The Olympic Delivery Authority’s goal to use recycled materials in the building of the 2012 Olympic Stadium can be considered as an ancillary goal. The use of recycled materials to build a lighter, more flexible roof creates opportunities whereby a stadium can be completely built from recycled materials in the future. An ancillary goal of making 55,000 of the 80,000 seats temporary would create a profitable stadium in the future because the cost of maintaining the area containing the seats is grossly reduced. Furthermore, a successful stadium results in a successful 2012 Olympics and ultimately increases tourism in England. Finally, Ian Crockford has greatly increased his reputation and experience as a project manager (as well as his subordinates and parent company too) which drastically increases his chances of managing future projects on this scale and beyond. Which of the project-defining factors in Section 1. 1 were active here. The project was identified as important by the Olympic Delivery Authority composed of politicians and other high-ranking members of society. The scope was clearly defined from the beginning of the project and was divided into sub-tasks to achieve the project goals. The due date of the project is also clearly defined as Mid-2011. Many interdependencies were at play such as the recycled metal from the police department and dredging of the river. The project was unique in that it had a temporary seating design, a lighter more flexible roof and designed specifically for the 2012 London Olympics. The budget was limited to ? 32 million and not unlike the Xcel Energy case detailed above; conflicts existed between the different stakeholders of the project. Therefore, all 7 of the project defining factors were active in the construction of the 2012 Olympics stadium. Maladroit Cosmetics Company Which of the three choices do you recommend and why? The third choice, that is, the company that manufactures the machines can handle the installation project for a fee close to what the installation would cost Maladroit is recommended for a number of reasons. The first being hat Maladroit becomes the customer in this transaction, and the company installing the machines would be performing the job and would have to do it according Maladroit’s specifications including any unseen delays not identified in the scope. We are also unsure of the qualifications of the members of her staff and if they capable of undertaking such a high risk project worth $4 million. Finally, she cannot handle the project informally out of office because the project is very important and she would not be able to devote as much time to the project as well as her current duties. If the project was one small machine at a total cost of $4,000, would your answer be different? Yes, we would recommend that she assigns the project to a member of her staff that could potentially be suited for a managerial role in the future. This low risk project would be an excellent test to see how well he or she is able to complete the project deliverables in a cost-effective and timely manner. Discuss the relative importance of the capital investment required versus the role of the investment in machinery. Capital investment can be defined as a commitment of the owner’s money to land, buildings or machinery. In this example, it is the commitment of the owner’s money to the installation of 6 machines worth $4million (note: the plant manager does not necessarily own the machines, rather, the shareholders or owners of the actual company do). The role of the investment in machinery is to replace the filling machines that have become obsolete within 6 months so that the company can continue to produce cosmetic products and generate revenue.

Essay --

In less than a years time, Kyle Warren had been seen by four different medical doctors, each one with their own diagnosis that included autism, bipolar disorder (also known as manic depression), insomnia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Kyle's pill regimen kept multiplying, consuming daily harmful cocktail of mind- altering drugs including Risperdal (anti-psychotic), Prozac (antidepressant), Adderall (psycho-stimulant) and two sleeping medicines. Kyle Warren was only eighteen months old at the time (Wilson 11). Kyles story is not rare, in fact, it has became what I refer to as a â€Å"to common† case. For that matter, it was a story much like this one that got me interested in the mental health system and prompted me to educate myself on all the parts of this industry. I will disclose results from three years of research, including a short history of important milestones for the profession, what lead up to the mass l abeling and drugging in America, the reasons behind petitions for change by professionals in this very field, and the need for the immediate and complete reform of the mental health system. The goal of this analysis is to raise awareness on this issue by sharing information as to the identity of the culprits behind the corruption and the harm to human lives by breaking the system that no longer works for the people it is meant for. The suggestion of key players forming a relationship seemed ideal at first—a scientific partnership that could attack mental illness from all sides, or a meeting of the minds if no shift to second person:you will. A proposed partnership, with psychiatrists bringing their expertise and clinical experience, the drug makers provi... ... Depression (NARSAD), all created by these APA and NIMH directors, the very organizations that needed the invention of these advocacy groups in order to make demands on Congress for increased funding. Not only was this a great lobbying strategy but also a brilliant marketing scam since all of these groups had board or advisory board members with financial ties to pharmaceutical companies, are heavily funded by drug companies, and still are to this day. (â€Å"NIMH celebrates Half-Century of Progress, 31) NAMI’s campaign to stop the â€Å"stigma† and â€Å"end discrimination† against the mentally ill, driven and funded once again by the ones who benefit the most from more and more people being labeled mentally ill. The â€Å"Founding Sponsors† of this campaign were Abbott Labs, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Pfizer, Novartis, SmithKline Beecham and Wyeth-Ayerst Labs (cchr)

History of State and Federal Prisons Essay

State and Federal Prison History The basic history for both state and federal prisons are the same, they were both created to incarcerate criminals that were sentenced for a minimum of thirteen months and a maximum of life. However, state prisons are ran by that state government and are usually for those who are considered â€Å"Blue-collar criminals†. Federal prisons are ran by the U.S government and are for those considered â€Å"White-collar criminals†. Both types of prisons have the same levels of security that can range from minimum to maximum. State Prisons State prisons are controlled by state governments and incarcerate â€Å"blue-collar criminals†. A blue-collar crime is any crime committed by someone of lower class. This comes from the term â€Å"blue-collar worker†. Blue-collar workers are primarily paid a lower wage and are mostly middle class people and lower. Blue-collar criminals primarily commit crimes that are of a personal nature (such as robbery). Federal Prison If a criminal is committed of tax fraud then they will most likely end up in a federal prison. Federal Prisons are run by the national government and primarily house those known as â€Å"white-collar criminals†. A while-collar criminal is a person who commits what is known as a white-collar crime such as Income tax evasion. The term white-collar criminal is related to the term â€Å"white-collar worker†, who are mostly those who receive higher wages and are part of the upper-middle class to the higher class range.

One Size Fits All Essay

One size fits all is a term that we have all heard in our society. This cliche has been applied to clothing, wrist watches, necklaces and bike helmets. This universal fit concept is, unfortunately, the thinking behind most public education today. As we know, one size fits all is anything but. Just as people are physically built differently, we all have diverse learning styles and capabilities. Public high schools in the United States are also built around this idea. I believe that public high school promotes the aim of capitalistic goals, instead of promoting â€Å"Some believe that one remedy to unequal educational opportunities is choice. †(pg 298). I am an advocate for charter school education, though I was never able to attend one. I recognize that high school students have different interest and passions. In Creating Comprehensive High Schools, James Constant suggest special academic arrangements be made for highly gifted the that â€Å"these students are challenged not only by course work, but by the development of their special interest as well. (Pg 329) I feel every student should be afforded the opportunity to develop their interests, gifts and strengths in the public school setting. To just give this privilege that is paid for with public monies to certain students, instead of all, based upon the observation of teachers is unfair. Especially, in schools where students live with socio-economic issues that impact their education negatively. If a talented student has not eaten breakfast, how can he concentrate on class assignments to his best ability? If a student has not had great academic advantages and exposures, such as those found in elite prep schools, how can he attain the same study habits and principles? Should not these students be allowed to develop their special interests in order to have the best public educational high school experience? Charter schools give the benefit of specialized interest instruction, uses similar educational state standards with flexibility and is backed by public tax dollars. I believe this type of education involves more choice than the traditional public high school. Choice is a huge part of life and why should we deprive high school students with this right in their education, when they are expected to make healthy decisions on their own upon education. As a society, we need to start promoting more autonomy amongst high school students in their educational pursuits. Today’s educational system is not out to teach students how to think, but essentially what to think. Instead of preparing students for higher education or to be free-thinkers, I believe our educational system is set up to crank out workers. As workers, we are set up to graduate with minimum skills and go out into the world to get jobs, not professions. My high school experience was more like a prison, than preparing me to be a free-thinker in the real world. Our curriculum was mediocre at best, ensuring that we can read, write and follow basic instructions to coincide with the rudimentary math skills. I spent fifty minutes in one classroom on one subject six times a day. In the fifty minutes I spent in each class, 10 minutes of that was taken up with teachers attempting to take roll and focus the class on that day’s lesson. The learning objectives were rushed and we were not given sufficient time to apply any material covered in the classroom, especially in science courses. As soon as I would get mentally involved in the subject I was learning the bell would ring. I was then rushed like cattle off to another classroom with five minutes of travel time. The next teacher would begin attendance and the routine from the previous course would begin all over again. This was the educational cycle of my high school experience every day for four years of my life. I think the high school educational public system is set up as a cash crop such as the prison system or genetically engineered soy bean for that matter. Reason being is all the unnecessary information that the schools ask personally about your child. Such as race gender and economic status are not being . These particular categories are then contracted to survey and â€Å"research† companies which are owned or not-for-profit organizations which either in turn have contributed large sums of donations or sponsored their events such as Pfitzer. A high-end pharmaceutical company, who specializes in making psycho-stimulant drugs, that have not been FDA approved to experiment with our children if they do not meet the criteria for an evolving student in that type of educational system. This is a system that says your education is a one size fits all eve though the staff faculty and board members know that every child learns differently they also know that cultural differences have an influence on your child’s learning habits as well. Will they and have they decided to come up with a different type of curriculum to teach those with a different learning style then the masses.

buy custom Captivating Nursing Essay Examples on Professional Nurse Responsibility

buy custom Captivating Nursing Essay Examples on Professional Nurse Responsibility Nursing Essay Example on Professional Nurse Responsibility What Is a Professional Nurse? A registered nurse is educated and certified according to the legislation of the state. It is highly recommended for a nurse to get at least a Masters degree as she must be able to provide first aid and diagnose a wide range of diseases. Besides, most of the countries let nurses prescribe medication and provide private nursing services. In this case, a nurse takes all the responsibility and obviously must have a high level of education and practical skills. A professional nurses activities are not limited to everyday medical manipulations; attention must be also paid to self-improvement, social work, and enhancement of nursing system as a whole. These aspects are realized through professional nurses associations, which protect the nurses rights and solve various conflict situations arising in the process of daily practice.

Electrochemical Cell Definition

Electrochemical Cell Definition An electrochemical cell is a device that generates a potential difference between electrodes using chemical reactions. Galvanic cells and electrolytic cells are examples of electrochemical cells. Galvanic cells, which are also known as voltaic cells, use chemical reactions to generate electricity. These cells are named for either Luigi Galvani or Alessandro Volta. They use a spontaneous redox reaction. A typical galvanic cell consists of two different metals that are connected by a salt bridge or a porous membrane. In contrast, electrolytic cells use electrical energy to cause chemical reactions to occur. The electrical energy overcomes the activation energy required to get a non-spontaneous reaction to proceed. Electrolytic cells are commonly used for electrolysis, which breaks chemical compounds into their elements. A battery refers to one or more electrochemical cells.

The audit of not-for-profit organization-AuditingAssigment Essay

The audit of not-for-profit organization-AuditingAssigment - Essay Example 62). It involves high level of testing and application of audit procedures which results in high level of assurance, providing reasonable assurance on financial statements that financial statements are true and fair in all material aspects. However Assurance Engagement is expensive, so companies which are exempt from statuary audit may go for a Review Engagement. â€Å"The objective of a review engagement is to enable an auditor to state whether, on the basis of procedures which do not provide all the evidence that would required in an Assurance Engagement, anything has come to the auditor’s attention that causes the auditor to believe that the financial statements are not prepared, in all material respect, in accordance with an identified financial reporting framework† (Puttick, Van Esch, & Kana 2007 p. 73). As it is less expensive so it involves application of less detailed audit procedures than an Audit and provides moderate level of assurance which is expressed in t he form of negative assurance. The review engagement is hence, suitable for small NFPs to ensure the donators and volunteers of their fairness of operations and activities to achieve the goals of the organization. Non-Profit Organizations There are many forms of business organizations and non-profit organizations are one of the sorts which are increasingly gaining attention by authorities. Non-profit organizations include charities, local government bodies like councils and other government funded bodies like housing associations. Broadly speaking, NFP’s include bodies whose aim is to provide some educational, health or other social service with an intention to aid the society rather than generating wealth or profits of the organization (Wood & Powell, 1989). Charity is of the most common forms in not for profit organizations. The major differences between a company and a charity when it comes to auditing involve the presentation criterion which differs for both. Charities ar e normally tax exempt hence auditing changes for the charities. Auditing scope and method changes greatly as charities rely on cash donations and grants for the regular operations of the organization (Becker & Terrano 2007, pp. 1-5). However, larger NFPs and charities must have good internal control system to prove the controls reliable for the audit purposes reducing the overall work requirements for the audit engagement. Objectives of Non-profit Organizations Non profit organizations are either public sector organizations or other organizations whose primary purpose is to benefit the public rather than generating profits, which differentiate them to profit organizations whose main objective, is to maximize share holders’ wealth. Not just they differ from commercial organization; non-profit organizations differ from other non-profit organization for example: Local councils and public services organizations’ objective is to provide local services to a budget based on p ublic money which is likely to be based on value for money. While clubs, associations and unions’ objective would be of furtherance of the aims of club and to provide services to members which may include managing subscriptions paid and

(The Roar of the Tiger Mom) Synthesis Assignment

(The Roar of the Tiger Mom) Synthesis - Assignment Example Therefore, the competitiveness of children is by far determined by whether the child is from the western or from the Chinese culture, and what competitiveness means in those cultural contexts. Thus, this synthesis seeks to digest the various tenets of making children competitive in the future, through taking an account of different approaches that are applicable. Different approaches to parenting represented by the western and the Chinese Models Parenting approaches define the competiveness of children in the future. The approaches of parenting can simply be defined as either the Chinese model, or the western model. The western model of parenting is open and free-range, where the parents allow their children to make some of the crucial choices in their lives, especially regarding their academic interests and the professions they would like to take (Behrens & Rosen, 2013). Therefore, according to the western model of parenting, children are allowed to see learning as fun, while avoidi ng stressing academic success upon the children, since â€Å"Western parents are extremely anxious about their children’s self-esteem† p144. ... r children’s academic performance, through instilling on them a culture of academic pursuit that is almost free of other educational activities, such as games and drama (Behrens & Rosen, 2013). Thus, Hanna Rosin, in her article, â€Å"Mother inferior† observes that â€Å"many American parents will read The Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, and feel somewhat defensive and regretful† p148. Chinese parents spend most of their time imploring their children to pursue academic excellence, which is then used as a measure of successful parenting in the Chinese culture. According to this model, whenever a child is not performing exemplarily in academics, then, definitely the parent has failed in his/her role of parenting. However, it is the Chinese mothers who play a great role in the education of their children, since the academic success of a child is used to measure the successful parenting of a Chinese mother (Behrens & Rosen, 2013). The most interesting aspect is that ; the Chinese mothers have developed strict guidelines on how their children should behave, in terms of what they should pursue and what they should engage in, in the course of their learning. While the Chinese parents may spend up to 10 times of their time engaging their children in academics, the western parents allows their children more free time, for which they can use in sports and games The Chinese applies the philosophy that â€Å"nothing is fun, until you are good at it† p143. Further, the Chinese parents apply the adage that to be good at something, one has to work, and children do not like working. Therefore, if a child has to become successful in anything, it is the duty of the parent to ensure that children are involved in working for what they are interested in. However, in denouncing this view,

Stress Effects and Ways to Reduce Stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stress Effects and Ways to Reduce Stress - Essay Example However, there are number of causes of stress. Like emotional stress, physical stress, environmental stresses, energetic and health stress. Physical stress occurs due to over physical work/activity and it is very common in adults. Most importantly, physical stress effects regularly on many body joints changes and will create pain in your later life. Stress can affect you in the two ways; long term and short term. Long term stress is much worst than short term; Moreover; long term stress is more dangerous because it creates regular changes in your body in many ways. In general term, there are there broad sectors of stress effects. From the medical point of view, the physiological stress if activate in your brain, it will triggers the pituitary gland and sympathetic nervous system as a result of its activation - it creates regular changes in your adrenal gland which raises your heart rates. Furthermore, human liver produces energy throughout the stress situation and in the process, the patient can suffer stomach pain, constipation and so forth. The physiological stress raises your heart beats up to 71 to 90 beats in a minute to 200 per minute. Yes, Stress effects emotiona... In general term, there are there broad sectors of stress effects. 1) Physiological Effects From the medical point of view, the physiological stress if activate in your brain, it will triggers the pituitary gland and sympathetic nervous system as a result of its activation - it creates regular changes in your adrenal gland which raises your heart rates. Furthermore, human liver produces energy throughout the stress situation and in the process, the patient can suffer stomach pain, constipation and so forth. The physiological stress raises your heart beats up to 71 to 90 beats in a minute to 200 per minute. Emotional Effects Yes, Stress effects emotionally as well and if it affects emotionally, it can create sound changes in your brain function. As a result of its activation, it adversely affects your mental capabilities, - your logical thinking becomes illogical, and you become anxious for no reason. However, it can be minor or major, major stress could lead you to a suicide. Besides this, it alters your behavioral patterns suddenly in these feelings; you become very sensitive and can be very irritating. You could enter into an argument with others for no reason; whatsoever, you can suddenly starting fighting with others at work. It may turn your mind on pessimistic thinking on all aspects, by and large behavioral changes adversely affect decision making powers either at work or at home concerns. Also, you could become gloomy and it makes you less tolerant. Physical Effects Physical effects includes frequent headaches, back ache and other muscle pain, sleep difficulties and exhaustion, cramp in the neck and shoulders, appetite and weight changes, anxiety, feelings of being helpless and hopelessness, fatigue, memory and concentration problems however

Domestic Violence Against Women In India Sociology Essay

Domestic Violence Against Women In India Sociology Essay Domestic Violence is an act of physical, sexual or psychological abuse against a woman by someone who is intimately connected to her through marriage, family relation or acquaintanceship. It has its roots in the patriarchal set up of the society. Women have always been considered to be the weaker sex. Right from the later Vedic age to the 21st century, Indian women have never experienced the freedom that men have. They have always been subjected to inequality. The subordinate status of women combined with patriarchal ideologies is a major cause of domestic violence. According to United Nation Population Fund Report, around two-third of married Indian women are victims of Domestic Violence attacks. To protect women against Domestic Violence, the Parliament passed The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 According to this act, any woman who has been subjected to domestic violence can file a complaint to the police officer, protection officer or the magistrate in the for m of Domestic Incident Report, which is similar to an FIR. However, this act is not enough. In light of the increasing instances of domestic violence against women, the government needs to take more stringent measures to reduce the prevalence of domestic violence against women. Objectives The objectives of this project are as follows:- What is the magnitude of domestic violence against women in India? What is the prevalence of physical, sexual and psychological abuse against Indian women? What community and families are associated with domestic violence against women? Whether domestic violence is more prevalent in the higher or in the lower strata of the society. Methodology Hypothesis: The prevalence of Domestic Violence against women is an indication of patriarchal ideologies The survey was conducted in Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai and Ahmadabad in 2012. The survey includes forty women who represent different families culturally as well socially i.e. they belong to different stratus of the society. The study is based mainly on quantitative data. It has tried to get empirically sound and statistically reliable data regarding the physical, sexual and psychological abuse against women. Qualitative methodology has been used to interpret and analyze the data collected. Review of Literature Behind Closed Doors by Rinki Bhattacharya is one of the few books which deal with Domestic Violence against women in India. This book contains narratives by seventeen women who have been the victims of domestic violence. These women have showed immense courage in sharing their stories. These heart- wrenching narratives bring home the fact that domestic violence is still very prevalent and that no amount of privilege can protect women from abuse. A documentary film called Char Diwari was made on this book. The fact that this documentary has been telecasted only twice and that too at midnight shows that such issues are still not brought out open in the public. This book also contains essays by eminent feminists and other sociologists who have tried to analyze the phenomenon of Domestic Violence. What they really try to say is that in a country like India, where people worship the female power of Shakti in the form of goddess, why should women be subjected to domestic violence? Then there are further essays which deal with the loopholes in the domestic violence bill. The book ends with a road map to support the victims of domestic violence. This book should definitely be read by those who wish to bring about a change in d position of the women in the society. There is a case study on domestic violence against women in Nagpur. This Case Study has been conducted by International Clinical Epidemiologists Network (INCLEN). On the basis of the survey conducted, it was found out that nearly sixty- two percent of the women have been subjected to some form of domestic violence. Most of these women have been the victims of psychological abuse (60.2 % as compared to 37.9 % of the women being subjected to physical abuse ). Ten percent of these women left their husbands but most of them had to return since their natal families refused to accept them. There is still a social stigma attached to leaving your husband and the root cause of this is the patriarchal ideologies which are still widespread today. Another Case Study deals with domestic violence in Kerala. This has been conducted by Centre for Womens Studies and Development, Kerala. Around fifty five percent of the women admit being subjected to domestic violence. In Kerala most of the women have been victimized due to issues related to dowry. Like in Nagpur, psychological abuse is very high in Kerala. (54.23% as compared to 32.4% of thee women who are subjected to physical violence). In Kerala the literacy rate is almost 100 percent, yet women are victimized. What does this show? It again goes back to the patriarchal ideologies that have existed since time immemorial. Results and Interpretation of Data Table 1: Socio Demographic Profile: TOTAL 40 HIGHER STRATA OF THE SOCIETY 27 LOWER STRATA OF THE SOCIETY 13 AGE (in years) Woman Respondent Husband 32 36 33 37 31 35 EDUCATION Woman Respondent Illiterate Primary ( 1-5 ) Secondary ( 6-12 ) >12 Husband Illiterate Primary ( 1-5) Secondary ( 6-12 ) >12 4 6 7 23 0 4 8 28 0 0 5 22 0 0 2 25 4 6 2 1 0 4 6 3 EMPLOYMENT Woman Respondent Unemployed Employed Husband Unemployed Employed 27 23 6 34 17 10 0 27 4 9 6 7 This table shows that literacy rate is lower among the woman respondents as compared to their husbands. The overall employment rate is higher among the husbands. However as far as the lower strata of the society is concerned, more women are employed than men. Now we come to the prevalence of domestic violence. First the researcher will deal with the women of the higher strata of the society. 20 out of 27 women have admitted to being subjected to domestic violence by their husbands. Out of these 20 women, 12 have been physically abused, 5 psychologically and 3 sexually. As far as the women of the lower strata are concerned all the 13 of them have been subjected to domestic violence. Out of these women, 8 are physically abused, 3 psychologically and 2 sexually. Graph showing the prevalence of Domestic Violence. Table 2 will show the lifetime physical abuse and Table 3 will show the lifetime psychological abuse. Table 2: Lifetime Physical Abuse :- TOTAL (20) HIGHER STRATA OF THE SOCIETY (12) LOWER STRATA OF THE SOCIETY (8) Slap 11 8 3 Kick 8 3 5 Weapon 1 1 0 Table 3: Lifetime Psychological Abuse:- TOTAL (8) HIGHER STRATA OF THE SOCIETY (5) LOWER STRATA OF THE SOCIETY (3) Insulted 5 3 2 Demeaned 2 2 0 Unfaithful 1 0 1 Now the researcher would like to draw your attention to the reasons as to why these women are subjected to domestic violence. Table 4 shows some of the reasons identified by these women. Table 4: Reasons as to why women are subjected to domestic violence:- TOTAL 33 HIGHER STRATA OF THE SOCIETY 20 LOWER STRATA OF THE SOCIETY 13 Not Cooking Properly 18 13 5 Not Looking after the Household 5 4 1 Harassment due to Dowry 4 3 1 Talking to Other Men 6 0 6 It is evident from the survey that Domestic Violence is extremely prevalent especially in the lower strata of the society. There is an inverse relationship between socio economic status and domestic violence. Both Education and Employment is also significant for physical and psychological violence. It is seen that women with lower education but better employment than their husbands are subjected to greater domestic violence. This is the case in the lower strata of the society. As far as the higher strata is concerned, it is generally the lesser educated and the unemployed women who are subjected to the wrath of their husbands. Legal Measures for Domestic Violence against women In India In India not much has been done to protect the rights of women. Women have been the victims of domestic violence since time immemorial, but the Domestic Violence Act was passed by the parliament as late as 2005. It was passed in the furtherance of the recommendations of the United Nations committee on the CEDAW. The following abuses are covered by this act:- Physical abuse Sexual abuse Verbal and emotional abuse Economic abuse This act provides women a right to stay in her matrimonial house, even if she does not have ownership rights over the house. Basically a husband cannot throw his wife out of his house. However her rights will extend only to her husbands properties and not to the properties of her in-laws. Under this act, a woman has the right to ask for help and protection. A victim of domestic abuse has the right to seek the help and services of police officers, protection homes, service providers, shelter homes and medical establishments. She also has the right to lodge a complaint under section 498 of the Indian Penal Code for matrimonial cruelty. Under this act, a woman can get the following orders issued in her favour:- Protection Order Residence Orders Monetary Relief Custody Orders Compensation Orders Interim and Ex parte Orders If the respondent is found to be guilty, he can be imprisoned for a term which may extend to one year or can be charged a fine which may extend to Rs 20,000 or both. He may also be asked to provide monetary relief to the victim and her children. In the latter situation, he has to pay compensation damages as well. He has to abide by the arrangements made by the court regarding the custody of the victims children. Drawbacks of the Legal Measures The Act is mainly criticized on the grounds that it is not backed up properly. There is no effort by the government to implement it effectively. Important factors such as the appointment and the training of the protection officers, police officers, service providers, counselors, and judicial officers have been ignored. The authorities lack the initiative to spread awareness. Moreover there is improper budgetary allocation. Most states have still not appointed the Protection Officers. In some states, where Protection Officers have been appointed, they are not aware of their duties and the legal remedies that are available to the victims of domestic violence. Another drawback is that that the act has not been publicized properly. The helpline numbers available to the victims have not been publicized properly. As a result, sometimes domestic violence goes unreported because the victim does not know whom to turn to for help. In some cases, the violence is reported, but no case is filed i n the court. There is a big difference in the number of cases that are reported and the number of cases which are actually heard in the court. These are the drawbacks of the legal measures. Remedial Measures A crucial question in the light of the increasing instances of domestic violence is that what should be done to control and reduce it. As responsible citizens should we just sit and read articles and collect information about domestic violence or should we raise our voices against it?Today Domestic Violence is being viewed as an epidemic disease which needs to be controlled. Many Law agencies, Governmental and Non Governmental Organizations, public and private bodies are working for this cause. We need more stringent laws to curb domestic violence. At present we do not have a single law in the Indian Constitution which effectively deals with the issue of Domestic Violence. Even section 498 A of the Indian Penal Code and The Domestic Violence Act, 2005 have been misused because of the restricted definition of the abuse that women are subjected to. As a result we need more stringent laws to protect the rights of women. There are several NGOs which are actively working in issues relating to women abuse. These NGOs need to spread awareness among women regarding the legal remedies that are available to them. They should encourage more and more women to come forward and report instances of domestic violence so that necessary action can be taken against the culprit. The Police and the Protection Officers need to be sensitized. They need to take Domestic Violence as seriously as other offences. They need to be made aware of their legal duties and the remedies that are available to the victims. Moreover care has to be taken to appoint efficient men as Police and Protection Officers. Gender training should me made mandatory. Steps need to be taken to recognize Domestic Violence as a public health. Training needs to be provided so as to develop the skills of the professionals to provide the basic support to the victims of domestic violence. Documentation on the health consequences of domestic violence should me made so as to spread awareness. Lastly the patriarchal mindset of the people has to be changed. Until and unless women are given due respect in the society, no amount of laws will be helpful. The root cause of domestic violence is patriarchal ideologies and that needs to be changed. Conclusion The study underlines that the situation of Indian women is quite severe in terms of the violence they experience in the marital home. Women are subject to frequent and multiple forms of violence in their lifetime. The main cause of this is the patriarchal mindset of the people. Men have always considered themselves to be the superior sex and have always tried to overpower women. Generally women do not raise their voices against men because they have been taught to believe that they are the inferior sex. In conclusion, it can be said that the hypothesis- The prevalence of Domestic Violence against women is an indication of patriarchal ideologies has been proved and a social reformation needs to be brought about soon. Questionnaire The women were asked the following questions: Name Age Husbands Age Educational Qualification Educational qualification of the husband Employment Husbands occupation Any Physical Violence? Slapped by the husband? Kicked by the husband? Used or threatened to use a weapon? Any Sexual Violence? Any Psychological Violence? Insulted by the husband? Demeaned by the husband? Was the husband unfaithful? Reasons for the violence as identified by the woman. Not cooking properly Not looking after the household Harassment due to dowry Talking to other men The limitation of this study is that in view of the social stigma attached to domestic violence, some women have been reluctant to answer these questions and as a result have not answered them truthfully.

The “Other” Creation: Post-Colonialism in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein E

Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley’s Frankenstein (sometimes also known as The Modern Prometheus) is the classic gothic novel of her time. In this eerie tale, Dr. Victor Frankenstein – suffering from quite an extreme superiority complex – brings to life a creature made from body parts of deceased individuals from nearby cemeteries. Rather than to embrace the Creature as his own, Frankenstein alienates him because of his unpleasant appearance. Throughout the novel, the Creature is ostracized not only by Frankenstein but by society as a whole. Initially a kind and gentle being, the Creature becomes violent and eventually seeks revenge for his creator’s betrayal. Rather than to merely focus on the exclusion of the Creature from society, Shelley depicts the progression of Dr. Frankenstein’s seclusion from other humans as well, until he and the Creature ultimately become equals – alone in the world with no one to love, and no one to love them back. Frankenstein serves as more than simply a legendary tale of horror, but also as a representation of how isolation and prejudice can result in the demise of the individual. Generally, as expressed in Charles Bressler’s Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice (4th Edition), post-colonialism encompasses a study of literature written in countries that are or were at some point in time colonized by England or some other imperial power (235). This analysis of literature implies or assumes that the peoples of these texts experienced social, political, and economic influences from an outside force, and were made out to be the â€Å"other† right on their own homeland. While Frankenstein is by no means a tale of conquest, the concepts of isolation and oppression are eminent throughou... ...c endeavors, and the risk of being ridiculed by his friends and loved ones at the discovery that he is the creator of the murderous monster that has caused them such grief. Works Cited Allman, John. â€Å"Motherless Creation: Motifs in Science Fiction.† North Dakota Quarterly. 58.2 (Spring 1990): 124-132. Literature Resource Center. James E. Shepard Memorial Library, Durham. 26 Nov 2010 . Bressler, Charles E. Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006. 235-244. Shelley, Mary W. Frankenstein. New York: Barnes & Noble Classics, 2003. Zimmerman, Lee. "Frankenstein, Invisibility, and Nameless Dread." American Imago. 60.2 (2003): 135-158. Literature Resource Center. James E. Shepard Memorial Library, Durham. 26 Nov 2010 .

Noh Extended Essay

Every culture in the world has its own theater. In Japan one of the most ancient forms of theater is Noh. The Noh theater found its form in the fourteenth century and continues in much the same form, with many of the same plays, in present day Japan. A Noh play portrays one all-encompassing emotion dominating the main character, the  shite. Whether jealousy, rage, or sorrow, all music, gesture, dance, and recitation are used to build the emotion to its final climax at the close of the play. Often the plays depict the return of a historical personage, in spirit – or â€Å"ghostly† – form, to the site of a significant event in his or her life.A warrior might return to the battle field, or young woman to the scene of a love affair. According to Buddhism of the fourteenth century, a person could not find spiritual release even after death if he still possessed a strong emotion or desire. To exorcise this emotion, the warrior might appear in his armor and recreate t he battle in a dance. The dance would reveal his humiliation at suffering defeat. Noh plays are extremely intense. In order to express something so abstract as an emotion, words are often inadequate. As the play progresses, then, dance and poetry are used to express the tortured heart.Other elements which contribute to an intensification of the mood are the bare simplicity of the stage which allows no distraction from the main character, and the gorgeous costumes of the main character himself. The stylized movements also help to focus the energy on the emotion rather than on the individual personalities. In Noh as in classical ballet, every movement is choreographed and often symbolic. There is no individual interpretation. Masks are used in many different cultures. In Japan, Noh masks are used for theatre and dance performances.Each mask represents a certain person, hero, devil, ghost, or legendary animal, depending on what the character is in the performance. As Noh is an art form that utilizes masks, there is a great variety of them. There were originally about 60 basic types of noh masks, but today there are well over 200 different kinds in use. Noh performers feel that the noh mask has a certain power inherent in it which makes it much more spiritual than a prop used to change ones appearance. Taking into account the status of a certain noh, the noh performer will carefully choose a noh mask, known also as a noh-men or omote.In most cases, the exact mask is not predetermined, but depending on which noh is being done, the shite has a variety to choose from. In the end, it is up to the shite to make the final determination as to which mask is chosen. Exactly when the noh mask came into being is not entirely clear however it is believed that masks, and their names still used today, were developed from the mid to latter part of the Muromachi period (1392-1573). Previous to that time, the mask conventions were not entirely set and masks themselves had stronger religious connotations.It was during the Muromachi period that the religious significance of the masks began to wane and they took on more human characteristics. It is thought that as performers started to think more about the use of yugen (mysterious beauty) and profundity, they felt they needed to hide the unattractive aspects of their own faces and concentrate on making the beauty of noh stronger. Between the end of the Muromachi period and the modern age the art of making noh masks was established as a hereditary art with a long lineage.Two examples are the Deme family from Echizen (present day Fukui prefecture) and the Iseki family from Ohmi (present day Shiga prefecture). Following the establishment of noh mask making families, the stylization of noh masks significantly advanced. Even today there are many independent mask makers. While some nohgaku performers still make their own masks, the performance world and the mask-making world are essentially independent of each other. As it is often difficult to tell the actual feelings expressed in a noh mask, it is said to be made with a â€Å"neutral† expression.The mask carver tries to instill a variety of emotions in the mask. It is up to the performer to imbue the mask with emotion. One of the techniques used in this task is to slightly tilt the mask up or down. With terasu (tilting upwards) the mask appears to be slightly smiling or laughing and the expression lightens somewhat. While kumorasu (tilting downwards), produces a slight frown and can express sadness or crying. Basically, by using minute movements, the performer is able to express very fully. Noh masks, like costumes and props, are extremely valuable heirlooms and handed down from generation to generation.After having the costume put on, the shite then goes to the kagami no ma (mirror room) where in front of a mirror, the shite faces the mask. In putting the mask on, the word kaburu (putting on clothing) is not used. Instead the word kak eru (to hang) or tsukeru (to attach) is used. In this way, it is implying that the performer is â€Å"becoming† the mask, and its emotions, in order to better express the characters feelings. In reality, a noh mask does not entirely cover a noh performer’s face when it is being worn. In fact, it is thought best if some part of the chin and/or jowls show.Also, as the eye holes of the mask are very small, the field of vision of the performer is very limited when wearing the mask. Consequently the simple design of the stage and the use of hashira (pillars) assists in helping the performer know their location during a performance. Not all the main performers on stage wear masks in noh. Usually the shite and the tsure wear masks and occasionally there are instances where the ai will as well. The waki as a rule, playing a character who is living in the present, does not wear a mask. This is called hitamen or a â€Å"direct mask. However, even without wearing a mask, the per former is meant to â€Å"make their face a mask. † The performer must inject power and emotion into their performance while not using their face to express. In some genzai noh the shite or tsure do not wear masks. Noh performances reflect upon the daily life and times of the Japanese. An extremely stylized art form which dates back to the feudal period, the masks used convey the mood and character of the part played by the performer. Thus, each mask is a manifestation of elegant simplicity and rustic tranquility.

The Current Housing Crisis in Maryland

Abstract The current housing crisis in Maryland has devastated much of the inner city of Baltimore and surrounding counties. The economic collapse of 2008 has left many Maryland residences unemployed or underemployed. The direct impact of the economic collapse has left homeowners wondering how they will pay their mortgages and keep food on the table. Maryland homeowners have been struggling to make ends meet. Some of the issues that are being faced have to do with the predatory lending practices of some mortgage lenders. President Obama signed an agreement to bailout some banks in hope to spare families from losing their homes.Those hopes did not pan out well. There was another bailout of $25 billion dollars allotted in Feb 2012 to help homeowners and reduce mortgages to the principal home values. Thus far the mortgage industry has done as little as possible to hold up their end of that bargain. We need to get educated and hold these predatory lenders accountable. The Current Housing Crisis in Maryland By a show of hands, how many people are in a financially challenging situation with paying their mortgage? Do you know that you may very well be a victim of predatory lending practices?You may be asking yourself what is predatory lending. Some of us are familiar with the term. For those who are not, I will explain what a predatory lender is and the effect they have had on our communities. Predatory lenders and the tactics they use to originate loans with unsophisticated buyers are unfair. We now have predatory legal and rescue services popping up everywhere with the defense that they are here to help us. I intend to provide you with information to free legal services and information to assist in the fight to hold the mortgage lenders accountable for what they are doing.I am a Baltimore City resident who is upside down in my mortgage. I owe more on my home than it is worth in today’s market. I am currently in the fight to have my mortgage lender do what is right by lowering my principle home value to a fair market price. I currently owe double what my home is worth. Many of us are upside down, have high interest rates or are currently in foreclosure. We are looking for relief from the banks that don’t seem to care much about where our families will sleep once we lose our homes. We need to embarrass them for the way they are treating minorities and low-moderate income families.Predatory lending practices are a huge contributing factor in the current economic crisis. Many families lost income and the home values have been declining drastically. Saving our homes from foreclosure is the main focus of many families in Maryland. I intend on exposing predatory lending practices that homeowners may not be aware of. The lack of strong regulations in Maryland has allowed unscrupulous mortgage lenders to take advantage of unsophisticated homeowners. Predatory lending has had a devastating effect on individuals and families.The term  "predatory lending† has been used to describe a broad range of loans that are not common in the prime market. These loans do not offer any benefit to the borrower. Some of the most common predatory practices are: †¢Excessive fees and points †¢Ignoring borrower’s ability to repay †¢Balloon payments †¢Interest only loans †¢Excessive interest rates †¢Concealing the true cost of the loan Federal regulators have warned banks that non-traditional mortgages such as interest-only loans may lead to a rash of defaults when the principal must be paid or interest rates increase.With such loans, the homeowners are not paying towards the principal on the loan, only the interest. Interest rate increases could have a devastating effect on the mortgage payment monthly. Adjustable rates have the same devastating effect on homeowners. The interest rate is not guaranteed and could fluctuate greatly on a per month basis. With adjustable mortgage loan terms home owners have no clue on what the loan would eventually cost them. This lending practice is a â€Å"set up to fail† proposition. Underemployment and lack of employment has been the peripheral nail in the coffin for many Maryland families.Many families have lost at least one household income and a few have lost both incomes. Income loss combined with the volatile housing market has crushed the American Dream for many homeowners. People who were able to find work after economic crisis, had to take drastic pay cuts which were not adequate to support their current needs. With the economic downturn families are left to pay for homes they cannot afford. This crisis occurred when the mortgage bubble burst. Many homes were being sold for much more than their fair market value.Once the bubble burst the home value depreciation was steep and sharp. People lost 20-40% of the equity in their homes. Although there are many programs available to help homeowners, the majority of them are unabl e to help homeowners who are under water on the mortgage due to the lost equity in their homes. Some foreclosures are voluntary. When the bubble burst, homeowners found themselves owing 100,000s more than the homes were worth. Those homeowners decided that paying off the mortgage was indeed a bad deal. So they just walked away from the properties.The new dagger in homeowners back is the rise in property taxes. The city government needs money so they have raised the taxed values of homes to bring in more money regardless if the home values are decreasing. Homeowners are losing their homes because their mortgage payments did not include an escrow for homeowners insurance and taxes. Once a homeowner becomes delinquent on their property taxes, they have to pay the past due amount in addition to the current amount due. For the Maryland residence that find themselves in foreclosure, please seek assistance sooner than later.Maryland laws do not demand that you are notified of the Intent to foreclose. Within your originating loan documents you signed either a â€Å"power of sale† or â€Å"assent to decree† which essentially is an ex parte order to sell your property if you are in default. In addition, the predatory lenders make it impossible to become current again once the mortgage is in default. They can add servicing fees such as late fees, force placed insurance, inspection fees, etc. to make it difficult to bring the account current. We as homeowners have the right to stay in our homes.Homes we have cared for over the years. The banks should not have the right to evict us without improving the foreclosure process so we have better and earlier notice and the opportunity to redeem prior to significant costs being incurred. They should reduce the loan principle to the fair market value, adjust interest rates and reevaluate the financial situation of the homeowners. The mortgage industry did a disservice to many of the homeowners in the room. Many of us were uninformed about the repercussions and pitfalls involved with interest only, variable rates and balloon payment loans.Predatory lending practices contributed directly to the economic crisis of the mortgage industry in Maryland. I would like to provide information to several pro bono legal services and housing resources: Pro Bono Resources Center of Maryland. (410)837-9379 or toll free (800)396-1274 www. probonomd. org 1. Civil Justice, Inc. www. civiljusticenetwork. org 2. Public Justice Center (410) 625-9409 for tenants who landlords are in foreclosure 3. Community Law Center (410) 366-7777 www. communitylaw. org 4. Maryland Hope (877) 462-7555 www. mdhope. dhcd. maryland. gov 5.Foreclosure Proceedings in Maryland (Brochure): http://www. msba. org/departments/commpubl/publications/brochures/foreclosure. htm There has been an ongoing investigation into the banking fraud and predatory lending scandal. President Obama signed another bailout of $25 billion dollars in Feb 2012 to help homeowners and reduce principle mortgage values. The bailout involved Bank of America, Citigroup, Wells Fargo, Ally Financial and JPMorgan Chase. Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae have yet to come on board however they do offer some homeowner assistance with modification of term and underwater loans.Many look at the bailout as another opportunity to reward the banks for the wrong doing they have done to the citizens and many communities. I was able to look at the bigger picture. This is a way to monitor how many loans are modified and how many principle values are reduced. By providing the bailout this time around there were defined stipulations as to what the funds are to be used for. North Carolina’s Banking Commissioner Joseph Smith will serve as the â€Å"independent monitor† to enforce the deals and their terms. The bailout does very little for the people who have already lost their homes. They are eligible to receive up to $2000.

10 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics on Social Psychology and Affluenza

10 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics on Social Psychology and Affluenza Writing an essay on affluenza and the psychology behind it requires some understanding of what the term really means. affluenza is a combination of the words influenza and affluence and it is the condition where an individual’s wealth affects his or her mental state as well as one’s decision making abilities. This generally means that individuals suffering from affluenza have developed an unhealthy relationship with wealth. This psychological condition which is still being studied by psychologists has had little coverage by the mainstream media and this makes writing about it an important task. Therefore, if you have been assigned to writing an essay on social psychology and affluenza, this article will provide you with some facts to get you started on comparing and contrasting the social effects of affluenza in your writing project. Affluenza creates a feeling of worthlessness. The constant need to pursue wealth or continuously consume goods can be harmful to one’s health. Psychologists believe that affluenza is a condition that leaves its sufferers feelings unhappy and worthless. Studies show that regardless of the amount of money accumulated, an affluenza patient will still feel unfulfilled and dissatisfied with the life he or she lives. Affluenza is more prevalent in western countries. A study by British psychologist James Oliver, showed that affluent individuals residing in the west were more likely to suffer from affluenza than individuals in other parts of the world. Westerners are three times more likely to place high values on money, social status and physical appearance than their Asian or African counterparts. James Oliver asserted in his research that the western world places wants over needs and this creates an environment where affluenza thrives. The American psychiatric association contests affluenza. Affluenza as a psychiatric condition is still being contested in some parts of the world. The American Psychiatric association has refused to list it as a psychological illness citing the lack of conclusive evidence supporting affluenza. A study conducted by Robert Freidmann, of Georgia University casts doubts on whether westerners really do have a consumerism problem and if individuals can suffer from affluenza. Affluenza is aided by mainstream media. Proponents of affluenza and other social psychologists believe that our attitude and psyche can be manipulated by the media. Affluenza has been noted to be a by-product of implicit attitudes- attitudes humans acquire unconsciously but influences our decision making process. These implicit attitudes are gained through consistently consuming entertainment programs that focus on wealth and affluence. Affluenza is contagious. Psychologists who have studied the effects of affluenza in humans and how people in a sufferers circle relate to it, found affluenza to be mildly contagious. A 2010 study on social interaction discovered that the attitudes of people are affected by the circle of friends or individuals they constantly interact with. It has been confirmed that an individual in constant communication with someone with no self-control will also end up exhibiting similar traits. Affluenza can be successfully treated. Studies lead by social rehabilitation centres have shown that the condition of affluenza can be treated or contained in its sufferers. Psychologists believe that teaching patients that there is more to life than wealth and providing wholesome entertainment/relaxation outlets can help individuals deal with the condition. Achieving a good work-life balance has also been noted as one of the important factors in treating affluenza in adults. Affluenza reduces the ability to feel empathy. A research published in the Psychological Science Journal had shown that more affluent people find it more difficult to read facial expressions than the less wealthy. It went on to say that lack of compassion and empathy was more prevalent in affluent people who are mostly out of touch with reality. While lower income earners who depend on one another on a daily basis tend to exhibit a high level of emotional intelligence than the wealthy. This observation was attributed to affluenza and its effects on human thought process. Affluenza clouds moral judgement. A UC Berkeley study found that in an affluent community in San Francisco, drivers of luxury vehicles were more likely to break traffic laws, cut other drivers off and negate the zebra crossing rule. The study concluded that even though an individual suffering from affluenza knows right from wrong, the condition pushes him or her to cut corners whenever it is possible or convenient to do so. Affluenza has been linked with addiction. Studies have shown that affluenza can be a triggering factor leading to substance abuse. This study which takes into consideration the behavioural patterns of high school students had found that students from wealthy homes tend to suffer from affluenza, internalize problems and turn to substance abuse to cope with these problems. The study also took into consideration the behavioural patterns of adults and it had discovered that the wealthier class outdrinks the less financially successful by approximately 27%. Affluenza can lead to depression. The pursuit for more wealth and the belief that purchase can make one happy has been shown to be a prime trigger for depression. Statistics have shown that affluenza makes individuals develop behavioural addictions which include binging, developing an unhealthy need for money and exhibiting compulsive behaviours. This can lead to a change in the brain chemistry which supports irrational mood swings and anxiety. The negative change in brain chemistry can also push the victim of affluenza into deep exhaustion as well as depression. These 10 facts on social psychology and affluenza cover most of the basics you would need to write a compare and contrast essay on today’s subject matter. It is important to also note that there are more materials provided to help you with writing your essay. These materials include an article consisting of 20 social psychology essay topics on affluenza while the last article in the series will provide directions on how to strike a good compare and contrast essay on social psychology and affluenza for your readers. So endeavor to stay tuned. References: James, O. (2008). The Selfish Capitalist, 120, 123. Michael, O. (2013). Stress management for life 50, 60. Carolyn, G. (2014). How Money Changes the Way We Think and Behave. huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/06/psychology-of-wealth_n_4531905.html Harmon, M. (2001). Affluenza: Television Use and Cultivation of Materialism. Graaf, J. (2002). Affluenza: the all-consuming epidemic Carolyn, G. (2013). The Psychology of Materialism, and Why Its Making You Unhappy huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/15/psychology-materialism_n_4425982.html Clive, H. (2010). Affluenza: When Too Much is Never Enough. https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=46TK766C1nECpg=PA271lpg=PA271dq=affluenza+understanding+materialismsource=blots=oGIlFmj7hcsig=2WWbM_5wCHtmBTEdO5wRYnPTDqchl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwi_vL6mhrLPAhXlCsAKHYmdBX8Q6AEIPDAF#v=onepageq=affluenza%20understanding%20materialismf=false